1. In terms of pathological effects, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio cholerae both differ from Salmonella typhi in that they both
a) Have their effects while passing through the Gastro-intestinal tract without entering the bloodstream
b) Are quite resistant to stomach acidity
c) Have waxy coats that protect them from phagocytes
d) Can cause death within hours

2. There are a number of bacteria that can remain present in a human for many years, even a lifetime, without causing that human to be ill. Nevertheless, under the right conditions, it is possible for that human to become infectious. Two such bacteria are
a) Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae
b) Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica
c) Salmonella enterica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhi
e) Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori

3. Which of these infections was most common in the United States in the year 1999?
a) Salmonella enterica
b) Salmonella typhi
c) Vibrio cholerae
d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e) BSE

4. Salmonella typhi can survive inside a phagocyte because
a) It is protected from oxygen (air)
b) It cannot accumulate iron from the blood directly
c) It is resistant to acid
d) It prevents fusion of lysosomes with the vacuole that contains it
e) It has a waxy coat that resists digestion by enzymes present in the lysosome

5. During an epidemic, which of these is least likely to be spreading by a fecal-oral route?
a) Salmonella enterica
b) Salmonella typhi
c) Vibrio cholerae
d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

6. Which of these people was born first?
a) Mary Mallon
b) Robert Koch
c) Johannes Petenkofer
d) John Snow
e) Woodrow Wilson

7. Vibrio cholerae can survive for years in
a) Human phagocytes
b) Fast-flowing mountain streams
c) Sand/soil filtration beds in water treatment plants
d) Containers of unfiltered drinking water
e) Seawater

8. The disease that has killed the greatest number of people worldwide in the past ten years is
a) Cholera
b) Typhoid Fever
c) Tuberculosis
d) Gastroenteritis
e) Kuru

9. Mary Mallon could probably have stopped spreading typhoid fever if she had
a) Moved to a warmer, drier climate
b) Had her gallbladder removed surgically
c) Washed her hands regularly
d) Been able to use a flush-toilet rather than an outhouse
e) Lived in a city with a filtered water supply

10. If you contract typhoid fever and do not receive antibiotics, your chances of survival are approximately
a) Zero
b) Ten percent
c) Fifty percent
d) Ninety percent
e) One hundred percent

11. What would a bacteriophage do to a bacterium?
a) Describe it
b) Grow it
c) Let you see it
d) Study it
e) Eat it

12. When did life begin on earth?
a) Several thousand years ago
b) Several million years ago
c) Several billion years ago
d) Several trillion years ago
e) More than a thousand trillion years ago

13. John Snow was able to use silver nitrate to distinguish between the water supplied by the Lambeth Co. and the Southwark & Vauxhall Co. because they had a different amount of
a) Animalcules
b) Organic material
c) Fecal material
d) Sugar
e) Salt

14. The workers in the brewery near Golden Square did not get Cholera because
a) They were supplied with water from a special pump, not the one in Broad Street
b) They had all been infected in previous epidemics and were immune
c) They were provided with citrus fruit (limes) to prevent scurvy and made their stomachs more acidic
d) They worked under such stressful conditions that their stomachs produced enough acid to give them ulcers, but the acidity protected them
e) They only drank beer while at work
NOTE: “e” is the better answer, but I’ll accept “a” too.

15. Although Cholera is an ancient disease, it did not appear in Europe as an epidemic until the early
a) 1900’s
b) 1800’s
c) 1700’s
d) 1600’s
e) 1500’s

16. The disease known as Scrapie is so named because
a) It was discovered by Sir Arthur Scrapie
b) It was thought to be caused by eating scraps
c) Infected animals scrape themselves against posts and walls
d) The town where it was first seen (Scrape o’ the Willow) was commonly called “Old Scrapie”
e) It is a corruption of the Celtic word for sheep

17. The one feature of Kuru that most surprised scientists at the beginning of their study of Kuru was the lack of
a) Inflamation
b) Fatalities
c) Fever
d) Diarrhea
e) Female victims

18. “Typhoid Mary” was kept imprisoned for many years because the public health authorities continued to find Salmonella typhi in her
a) Lungs
b) Urine
c) Gall Bladder
d) Feces
e) Blood

19. The island on which Mary Mallon spent most of her life was
a) Manhattan
b) Long Island
c) North Brother Island
d) South Padre Island
e) Staten Island

20. Multi-drug therapy is very important for the treatment of
a) Tuberculosis
b) Cholera
c) Typhoid fever
d) Kuru
e) Stomach ulcers

21. The disease that has different symptoms depending on whether it infects the skin, the lungs, the glands, or the bones is
a) Tuberculosis
b) Cholera
c) Typhoid fever
d) Kuru
e) AIDS

22. A person who believes in miasmas would probably
a) Sterilize surgical instruments at temperatures higher than those needed to kill bacteria
b) Eat plenty of fruits and fiber
c) Insist that swamps be drained and paved over
d) Test a person’s feces for the presence of bacteria
e) Keep a dirtier house than one who did not