1. The Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) is used as a vaccine because it is similar to the bacterium that causes
a)Typhoid Fever
b)Cholera
c)Tuberculosis
d)Bubonic Plague
e)Anthrax
2. Bacteria have been living on the earth for
a)about 4 thousand years
b)about 400,000 years
c)about 4 million years
d)about 4 billion years
e)about 4 trillion years
3. There has been an effective vaccination against Typhoid Fever since about
a)1850
b)1900
c)1950
d)2000
e)There is still no effective vaccine against Typhoid Fever
4. Early studies of kuru seemed to rule out an infectious agent because they found no sign of
a)Inflammation
b)Pus in the brain
c)Gender specificity
d)Brain damage
e)Cannibalism
5. What lesson did John Snow’s work comparing the cholera effects of the two different water companies teach?
a)That smell (pollution) could not be the cause of cholera because the Lambeth company’s water was smellier and dirtier but was associated with less cholera.
b)That Physicians of the time knew that cholera was waterborne, because they absolutely avoided drinking water from the Southwark and Vauxhall company, which they knew carried cholera.
c)That bacteria in the water were the cause of cholera, because the Southwark and Vauxhall water could be shown by chemical and microscopic analysis to have “comma shaped” bacteria.
d)That the miasma theory of cholera must be incorrect, because in a large region, the houses served by the two companies were completely intermingled and thus were exposed to exactly the same environmental conditions, yet those who drank Southwark and Vauxhall water got sick in much higher numbers.
e)That Southwark and Vauxhall water would have been safe if only its pipes had been better maintained and did not allow leakage from nearby cesspools.
6. Which of these diseases is usually transmitted by insect bites?
a)Typhoid Fever
b)Cholera
c)Tuberculosis
d)Bubonic Plague
e)Anthrax
7. The Health Department tested Mary Mallon’s blood, urine, and feces.Her urine was negative, but both her blood and feces were positive because they found
a)Typhoid bacilli in her blood and in her feces
b)Antibodies against the Typhoid bacillus in her blood and in her feces
c)Typhoid bacilli in her blood and antibodies against the typhoid bacillus in her feces
d)Antibodies against the Typhoid bacillus in her blood and Typhoid bacilli in her feces
e)Typhoid bacilli and antibodies against the Typhoid bacillus in both her blood and feces
8. What is a “spore?”
a)An especially high fever that causes a red, spotted rash on the trunk of the body
b)An inflamed and swollen lymph gland
c)A massive diarrhea characterized by “rice water stool”
d)A calcified enclosure of an infected spot that can be detected by a chest X-ray
e)A form of bacteria that is highly resistant to drying and heat
9. In current times, about how many cases of typhoid fever are there in the United States? (per year)
a)a few dozen
b)a few hundred
c)a few thousand
d)tens of thousands
e)hundreds of thousands
10. If you have recently recovered from a case of tuberculosis, if you are given a tuberculin skin test,
a)It will score negative (nothing will happen)
b)It will raise a welt that looks like a big mosquito bite
c)It will cause a potentially life-threatening reaction
d)It will prevent you from ever getting TB again
e)It will invalidate any future vaccination you may receive
11. Typhoid Mary was particularly dangerous because she worked as
a)a laundress
b)a cleaning lady
c)a nurse
d)a midwife
e)a cook
12. In terms of evolution, which of these areleastalike?
a)a human and a chimpanzee
b)a chimpanzee and a worm
c)a worm and a maple tree
d)a maple tree and a yeast
e)a yeast and a bacterium
13. The actual cause of death from Cholera is almost always because of
a)dehydration
b)fever
c)pneumonia
d)sepsis (bacteria in the blood)
e)loss of blood
14. A “bubo” is one of the characteristics of Bubonic Plague.What is a bubo?
a)An especially high fever that causes a red, spotted rash on the trunk of the body
b)An inflamed and swollen lymph gland
c)A massive diarrhea characterized by “rice water stool”
d)A calcified enclosure of an infected spot that can be detected by a chest X-ray
e)A form of bacteria that is highly resistant to drying and heat
15. George Soper is best known for his work on
a)Typhoid Fever
b)Cholera
c)Tuberculosis
d)Bubonic Plague
e)Anthrax
16. Cholera causes its massive diarrhea because the cholera toxin
a)Causes salt to be pumped into the intestine
b)Causes nerve damage in the intestine
c)Causes kidney failure
d)Causes a high enough fever to damage the intestinal lining
e)Causes a thirst the forces the victim to drink massive amounts of water
17. Who was the first person to identify the bacillus that causes anthrax?
a)Robert Koch
b)John Snow
c)Carlton Gajdusek
d)George Soper
e)Macfarlane Burnet
18. What was “Typhoid Mary’s” ethnicity?
a)English
b)German
c)African American
d)Irish
e)Swedish
19. “Consumption” is an older name for a disease we now recognize as
a)Typhoid Fever
b)Cholera
c)Tuberculosis
d)Bubonic Plague
e)Anthrax
20. Your first and best defense against most bacterial pathogens is
a)your ability to develop a fever
b)your ability to excrete pathogens in your stool
c)the antibacterial nature of your tears
d)your unbroken skin
e)the acidity of your stomach
21. The one part of the human brain that is NOT divided into right and left halves is the
a)Cerebrum
b)Cerebellum
c)Medulla
d)Frontal lobe
e)Optic nerve
22. Salmonella typhican survive attack by white blood cells because it can
a)Prevent fusion of lysosomes with a vesicle containing the bacterium
b)Cause fusion of lysosomes with a vesicle containing the bacterium
c)Prevent the body from developing a fever
d)Cause the body to develop a fever
e)Be transmitted by a fecal-oral route
23. During the 1892 outbreak of Cholera in Hamburg, Germany, the people in the neighboring town of Altona had many fewer cases of cholera (per capita) because
a)Most of them had been vaccinated against Cholera
b)They were genetically immune to Cholera
c)They filtered their water through sand
d)They believed in the miasma theory of disease
e)They disposed of their dead by burning rather than burial
24. Because of his work on the Broad Street Pump and the competing water companies of mid-19thcentury London, John Snow is sometimes though of as the “father” of modern
a)Bacteriology
b)Anesthesiology
c)Civil Engineering
d)Water chemistry
e)Epidemiology
25. In the absence of any antibiotics, which of these diseases has the highest mortality?
a)Typhoid Fever
b)Cholera
c)Tuberculosis
d)Bubonic Plague
e)Pneumonic Plague
26. If sprayed from an airplane onto the soil, which of these disease-causing bacteria would remain dangerous for the longest time?
a)Bacillus anthracis
b)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
c)Salmonella typhi
d)Vibrio cholerae
e)Yersinia pestis
27. Most of the people who contract Typhoid Fever
a)Die unless treated with antibiotics
b)Become healthy carriers for periods ranging from months to the rest of their lives
c)Recover and are immune for the rest of their lives
d)Recover but are subject to periodic relapses even in the absence of new infections
e)Are women