Minaret
Mira Xenia Schwerda
Related Terms:
- Masjid (mosque)
- Mihrab (concave niche in qibla wall)
Worksheet:
A worksheet for this video is available here.
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Related Khamseen Videos:
Stéphane Pradines, “Swahili Mosques Between Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 27 May 2021.
Ünver Rüstem, “Nuruosmaniye Mosque and the Ottoman Baroque,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 12 October 2020.
Caroline “Olivia” Wolf, “Monumental Mosques in Latin America,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 28 August 2020.
References:
Hillenbrand, Robert. “III. The Minaret.” In Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning, 129–72. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994.
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Hillenbrand, Robert, J. Burton-Page and G.S.P. Freeman-Greenville, “Manāra, Manār.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W.P. Heinrichs. Leiden: Brill, 2012. ![]()
Alsammarae, Rima. “Fluid Motion Architects designs controversial mosque in Tehran that challenges traditional Islamic design,” Middle East Architect, 19 February 2019. ![]()
Cherti, Myriam. “The Politics of Muslim Visibility in Europe: The Case of the Swiss Minaret Ban.” Public Policy Research 17, no. 3 (2010): 157–161. ![]()
Citation:
Mira Xenia Schwerda, “Minaret,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 1 July 2021.

Mira Xenia Schwerda (Ph.D., Harvard University, 2020) is Assistant Professor in the History of Photography and New Media at Duke University. Her book manuscript-in-progress, tentatively titled Between Art and Propaganda: Photographing Revolution in Modern Iran (1905–1911), focuses on the art and visual culture of Iran’s Constitutional Revolution. Translation and cross-cultural contact also play a key role in her work, she has published her academic work in both English and Persian, and is the co-editor of the journal Art in Translation. Dr. Schwerda has worked at the Harvard Art Museums, where she curated the photography section of the exhibition Technologies of the Image: Art in 19th-Century Iran. Besides serving as the co-founder of the Virtual Islamic Art History Seminar Series, she is a Founding Member of Khamseen, where she served as Managing Director (2023-25) and is currently working on Research & Development.

