Farangi
Negar Habibi
Related Terms:
- Ab-rang (watercolor)
- Muraqqa’ (album or patchwork)
- Kitabkhana (workshop-library)
- Naqqash (painter)
- Safina (oblong-format Persian manuscripts)
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Related Khamseen Videos:
Negar Habibi, “The Depiction of European Women in Late Safavid Paintings,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 9 February 2021.
References:
Habibi, Negar. “Farangi-Sazi.” Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (2021).
Habibi, Negar. “Zan-i Farangi, a Symbol of Occident: The European Women in Farangi Sazi Paintings (1666-94).” In Iran and the West: Cultural Perceptions from the Sasanian Empire to the Islamic Republic, edited by Margaux Whiskin and David Bagot, 225–40. London: I.B. Tauris, 2018.
Langer, Axel. “European Influence on Seventeenth-Century Persian Painting: Of Handsome Europeans, Naked Ladies, and Parisian Timepieces.” In The Fascination of Persia: Persian-European Dialogue in Seventeenth-Century Art & and Contemporary Art of Tehran, edited by Axel Langer, 170–237. Zurich: Museum Rietberg, Scheidegger and Spiess AG, 2013.
Nategh, Homa. Karnameh-i farhangi-i farangi dar Iran. Paris: Khavaran, 1357/1979.
Porter, Yves. “From the ‘Theory of Two Qalams’ to the ‘Seven Principles of Painting’”: Theory, Terminology and Practice in Persian Classical Paintings.” Muqarnas 17 (2000): 109–118.
Rouhbakhshan, Abadalmuhammad. Farang va Farangi dar Iran. Tehran: Raushan, 1388/2009.
Sefatgol, Mansur. “Farang, Farangi and Farangestan: Safavid Historiography and the West (907-1148/1501-1736).” In Iran and the World in the Safavid Age, edited by Willem Floor and Edmund Herzig, 357–364. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012.
Citation:
Negar Habibi, “Farangi,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 2 November 2021.

Negar Habibi is an art historian, lecturer in Islamic and Iranian Art History and Soudavar Foundation fellow at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Her research focuses principally on paintings from early modern Iran. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, her academic work centers on the artists’ career and life, the authenticity of their signature, gender issues and artistic patronage. She has published several articles on the art and artists of late seventeenth-century in Iran, and her book titled ʿAli Qoli Jebādār et l’occidentalisme safavide: une étude sur les peintures dites farangi sāzi, leurs milieux et commanditaires sous Shah Soleimān(1666-94) was published by Brill in 2018.