Based on inexpensive, facile, and broadly applicable plasmonic gold nanotriangle substrates. Stephen achieved live-cell plasmon-enhanced single-molecule imaging in for living Vibrio cholerae cells expressing photoactivatable fluorescent proteins. He then analyzed and optimized the coupling as a function of local surface plasmon resonance frequency and particle coverage.

S.A. Lee and J.S. Biteen, “Interplay of Nanoparticle Resonance Frequency and Array Surface Coverage in Live-Cell Plasmon-Enhanced Single-Molecule Imaging,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122 5705-5709 (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01436