Beyond Borders: Diaspora and the Politics of Belonging

Painting of a crowded train station with people in dark coats and hats. Signs above read Chicago, New York, and St. Louis. The background features a lattice pattern. The scene conveys movement and migration, subtly reflecting themes of diaspora and the politics of belonging as individuals journey beyond borders in search of new beginnings.

In this collection of CSSH articles, we follow the movements of diasporic communities across time and space and the ways they challenge neatly-bound, a priori ideological categories of identity, place, and belonging. Across each case, the authors call into question our understanding of diaspora to begin with: not just as a form of displacement, but also as a political identity, a social network, a mode of consciousness, and a practice of world-making. They require us to take a critical look at the concepts of empire and the nation-state through diasporic eyes, re-framing the ways we think about imperial authority, territorial sovereignty, and political community.  How are diasporic identities transformed over time? When do diasporic networks reinforce nationalism, and when do they generate transregional forms of solidarity and belonging that exceed the nation-state? Ultimately, who has the power to determine where–and to whom–a person belongs? Together, the essays in this syllabus ask the readers to both traverse and transcend boundary lines as they follow migrants’ journeys towards home, wherever that may be. 

Three people in colorful, patterned clothing walk with a horse draped in woven fabrics; one man leads, another guides the horse, and a third carries a large woven basket on their back—together embodying the movement and traditions of diaspora and exploring the politics of belonging through their vibrant journey.
A Family of Tartars, c. 1885. India, Punjab, probably Lahore, Company School, 19th century. The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.137

Knowledge, Mobility, and Imperial Rule

These essays investigate how colonial states classify, monitor, and govern mobile populations, which simultaneously fosters the creation of diasporic identities and political communities. Together, they demonstrate how diasporic networks illuminate the ways in which imperial authority and competing ideas of nationhood operate across borders. 

Arsam, Andrew Kerim. 2011. Failing to Stem the Tide: Lebanese Migration to French West Africa and the Competing Prerogatives of the Imperial State. 53 (3): 450-78.

Ho, Enseng. 2004. Empire through Diasporic Eyes: A View from the Other Boat. 46 (2): 210-46.

Kim, Jaeeun. 2013. The Colonial State, Migration, and Diasporic Nationhood in Korea. 56 (1): 34-66.

McGee, Nicholas. 2026. Two Journeys into Diaspora: Qing and British Imperial Investigations in the Dutch East Indies and Australia. 

A group of weary people, including men, women, and children, walk together carrying bundles and bags, suggesting migration or displacement across a paved surface under a cloudy sky—an evocative scene that speaks to the diaspora experience and the search for belonging beyond borders.
“Os emigrantes”, Antonio Rocco, 1910. Wikimedia.

Refugees, Repatriation, and Regimes

This selection of essays examines how states manage migration through labor recruitment, citizenship policies, and international diplomacy. Across these cases, migrants are not merely subjects of state policy; they exercise agency within these systems to negotiate categories of identity and meanings of “home” across space and time. 

Ballinger, Pamela. 2007. Borders of the Nation, Borders of Citizenship: Italian Repatriation and the Redefinition of National Identity after World War II. 49 (3): 713-741.

Chatterji, Joya. 2013. Dispositions and Destinations: Refugee Agency and “Mobility Capital” in the Bengal Diaspora, 1947-2007. 55 (2): 273-304.

Newbury, David. 2005. Returning Refugees: Four Historical Patterns of “Coming Home” to Rwanda. 47 (2): 252-85.

Snodgrass, Michael David. 2022. Dreams of Development in Mexico and Spain: A Comparative History of Guestworkers and Migration Diplomacy. 64 (3): 756-87. 

Five men in fancy coats gesture angrily at an immigrant family arriving by ship, with large shadows behind them suggesting their own immigrant past—a powerful commentary on the politics of belonging. The family carries bundles and looks weary. Text at bottom reads, Looking Backward.
Puck Magazine political cartoon. 11 January 1893. Wikimedia.

Integration, Assimilation, and Historical Memory

Together, these essays argue that diasporic incorporation is neither a straightforward nor a unidirectional process; instead, communities strategically reinterpret racial categories, national narratives, histories of migration, and transnational ties to reshape collective identities and stake claims of belonging. 

Foner, Nancy, and Richard Alba. 2010. Immigration and the Legacies of the Past: The Impact of Slavery and the Holocaust on Contemporary Immigrants in the United States and Western Europe. 52 (4): 798-819.

Kingsberg, Miriam. 2014. Becoming Brazilian to Be Japanese: Emigrant Assimilation Cultural Anthropology, and National Identity. 56 (1): 67-97. 

Krawatzek, Félix, and Gwendolyn Sasse. 2018. Integration and Identities: The Effects of Time, Migrant Networks, and Political Crises on Germans in the United States. 60 (4): 1029-65. 

Rogozen-Soltar, Mikaela. 2016. “We suffered in our bones just like them”: Comparing Migrations at the Margins of Europe. 58 (4): 880-907.

A Japanese woodblock print shows three people in a kitchen with baskets, utensils, and food—an intimate scene where traditions travel beyond borders. A dog lies on the floor while shelves hold teapots and bowls. One person cooks at a stove as another writes, evoking quiet moments shaped by the politics of belonging across generations.
“Inside a Foreign Kitchen” by Utagawa Yoshikazu. 1860. Wikimedia.

Place-Making, Materiality, and Imagined Futures

These essays examine the ways in which diasporic communities make belonging tangible through everyday material practices across a variety of spaces. They reveal that projects of place-making are not antithetical to mobility; instead, movement, memories of elsewhere, and aspirations for the future continuously shape and re-shape how communities inhabit and re-imagine particular places. 

Everett, Samuel Sami. 2020. Une Ambiance Diaspora: Continuity and Change in Parisian Maghrebi Imagenaries. 62 (1): 135-55. 

Gordillo, Gastón. Longing for Elsewhere: Guaraní Reterritorializations. 53 (4): 855-81.

Melly, Caroline. 2010. Inside-Out Houses: Urban Belonging and Imagined Futures in Dakar, Senegal. 52 (1): 37-65. 

Özden-Schilling, Tom. 2026. Spiraling out in the Circular Economy: Movement and Belonging at a Malaysian Rare Earths Elements Refinery.

A group of people in traditional Chinese attire gather on a street; one person in elaborately decorated clothing and makeup performs while others watch and hold banners with images, expressing the vibrant spirit of diaspora and the politics of belonging beyond borders.
Chinese festival participants in Chinatown, Astoria, Oregon. 1890s. Wikimedia.

Faith, Networks, and Post-Imperial Belonging

This selection of essays considers how religious authority, ritual practice, and regional imaginaries connect communities across national borders. Across these examples, the authors demonstrate how diasporic populations draw on shared histories, sacred traditions, and transregional networks to create forms of belonging that exceed the boundaries of the nation-state.

Bhojani, Ali-Reza, and Morgan Clarke. 2023. Religious Authority beyond Domination and Discipline: Epistemic Authority and Its Vernacular Uses in the Shi’i Diaspora. 65 (2): 272-95.

Henig, David. 2016. Crossing the Bosphorus: Connected Histories of “Other” Muslims in the Post-Imperial Borderlands of Southeast Europe. 58 (4): 908-34.

Limbert, Mandana. 2025. Homeland Is Where the Soul Resides: Travel Prayer, Passports, and Nation in the Western Indian Ocean. 67 (2): 457 – 482.

Marsden, Magnus. 2025. Beyond Long-Distance Nationalism: Khorasan and the Re-imagination of Afghanistan. 67 (1): 90-115.

Soh, Esmond Chuah Meng, and Keng Weh Koh. 2026. Stars, Kings, Pirates: The Nine Emperor Gods Festival and the Making of a Diasporic Religious Ecology in Postcolonial Southeast Asia. 


Moniek van Rheenen is an Editorial Intern at CSSH. She is a PhD candidate in linguistic anthropology at the University of Michigan, and her research focuses on child language socialization, parenting, moral personhood, and conservative religion in Indonesia. Her work has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the US Fulbright Program, the American Institute for Indonesian Studies, and the Global Islamic Studies Center at the University of Michigan.  

By ltwstu

Lecturer of Anthropology University of Michigan Associate Managing Editor Comparative Studies in Society and History