Toron

Categorized as Terms

Toron

Michelle Apotsos

Related Terms:

  • Jali (lattice-screen window)
  • Pishtaq (arched opening with a rectangular frame)

Worksheet:

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Related Khamseen Videos:

Stéphane Pradines, “Swahili Mosques Between Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 27 May 2021.

References:

Apotsos, Michelle. Architecture, Islam, and Identity in West Africa: Lessons from Larabanga. New York: Routledge, 2016.

De Jorio, Rosa. Cultural Heritage in Mali in the Neoliberal Era. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2016.

Joy, Charlotte. The Politics of Heritage Management in Mali: From UNESCO to Djenné. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast, 2012.

Marchand, Trevor. The Masons of Djenné. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2009.

Morris, James and Suzanne Preston Blier. Butabu: Adobe Architecture of West Africa. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004.

Prussin, Labelle. Hatumere: Islamic Design in West Africa. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986.

Prussin, Labelle. “The Architecture of Islam in West Africa,” African Arts 1, no. 2 (1968): 32–74.

Prussin, Labelle. “West African Earthworks,” Art Journal 42, no. 3 (1982): 204–9.

Citation:

Michelle Apostos, “Toron,” Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 31 October 2023.

Michelle Apotsos is an Associate Professor of Art History at Williams College, specializing in Afro-Islamic architecture and creative production. She received her PhD from Stanford University in 2013 and has taught courses on sustainable architecture, Islamic art in Africa, “World” Architecture, and African art in Western museum spaces. She has also published in various journals, including African Arts, the International Journal of Islamic Architecture, Ghana Journal, and Material Culture Review. She is the author of Architecture, Islam, and Identity in West Africa: Lessons from Larabanga (Routledge, 2016) and The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2021), and her current projects focus on environmentalism in the built landscape, alternative masjid / mosque spaces in contemporary Africa, and the rise of Ottoman-style mosques in contemporary sub-Saharan Africa.